Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch

00:00:00:01 – 00:00:17:10
Speaker 1
Begin here to keep on time. Welcome to today’s visit Satellite chat. We’re happy today to have, Michael Fulmer joining us. He’s the satellite liaison. OPC, SAB, Taff B and WPC. So with that I’ll go ahead and turn it over to Michael.

00:00:17:12 – 00:00:43:06
Speaker 2
Okay. All right. Hello everyone. You’ll see that I did include a couple links here, for the webinar, especially because my signal seems to be a little weak today. The Wi-Fi in this building lately has been causing problems, but, feel free to look at the blog when I’m referencing, some of the one minute imagery. Or I even put a few of the animations on our FTP site.

00:00:43:15 – 00:01:13:04
Speaker 2
Just as a reference, but what I’m talking about here, back in early February, we had a series of storms. The first one became famous because of the Royal Caribbean Anthem of the seas, a cruise ship that was in the wrong place at the wrong time. And a couple other systems that I’ll just mention briefly. But during all three of these systems, we had super rapid scans focused on the OPC offshore zones.

00:01:13:04 – 00:01:35:22
Speaker 2
And it’s a pretty rare opportunity for us to look, especially at winter events, in a super rapid scan environment. So I just wanted to touch, the majority of what I’ll talk about is that, first system February 7th through the ninth, that affected the cruise ship. So did the, slides change for everyone? I just want to make sure I can get the timing right.

00:01:35:24 – 00:02:07:24
Speaker 2
Yeah. Okay, great. So here is the OPC analysis of the storm. Zero Z on the 8th of February. You’ll notice, it’s a 986 millibar low. Overall, not the deepest of storms, but had a lot of interesting rogue like features which enhanced the wind field more so than you might typically see in a 986 low, especially when you don’t have any monster high pressure systems nearby.

00:02:07:26 – 00:02:48:10
Speaker 2
But you can see that they had a developing gale in north South Carolina, and then you have hurricane force north of the waterfront. Well, north of Bermuda at this time. And this next image here is the A scan. We actually had a pretty nice pass on the eight. It looks like about 318 ish. But the time of the pass, you can see in the, colored timeline, that’s true is when the pass was over the area between about 145 Z and 232 is, the approximate location of the anthem of the sea is highlighted by the circle.

00:02:48:10 – 00:03:12:18
Speaker 2
And you’ll notice to the north of that, in the cold conveyor belt, part of the storm, you have many hurricane force wind flags showing up. And in the area we typically look near the back front. Also where, if you’ve ever heard of me talking about stratospheric intrusions in some of the, air mass imagery, this is the area you would typically look for hurricane force winds.

00:03:12:18 – 00:03:32:00
Speaker 2
There’s one flag, that looks uncontaminated and, may have been a believable hurricane force down here, but in general, the anthem of the seas got caught up in a part of the storm we typically don’t associate with the kinds of winds and seas that they saw.

00:03:32:03 – 00:04:03:00
Speaker 2
This next image here shows, many of the Bui and ship observations. There’s actually only two ships that were reporting, and, and a minute, I’m going to show you what it’s like or what it actually looked like as far as the amount of ships that were out there during this event. But as you can see here, the we believe we’re not allowed to, get the information and, the official information just yet, but we believe that this might have been representative of where the f of the seas might have been.

00:04:03:02 – 00:04:26:05
Speaker 2
And this is recording 16 knots. With that observation, you can see many 40 knots. 40 knot. Plus, in this particular area in the storm, as you can see, there are only two ships, at this time period, around zero c, the only eight that actually reported anything that we could use, kind of gives you an idea of how limited our observations are for OPC.

00:04:26:07 – 00:04:51:22
Speaker 2
We don’t usually get a lot of, input. Unfortunately. But when you look at the next day, these are all the ships that were out in the Atlantic. And I did get permission to actually share this. It’s it’s still something that we’re playing with. The environmental response management, team, you can see there are many ships that are caught up in the storm as it was departing and heading out to sea.

00:04:53:10 – 00:05:13:01
Speaker 2
I don’t believe I looked at this earlier. I don’t believe anthem of the seas is on here, but you can see that some of the ship names are in fact, included. Kind of gives you an appreciation for how much shipping traffic actually exists. And how many actually got involved in the storm that we didn’t hear about in the news.

00:05:13:04 – 00:05:46:03
Speaker 2
So one of the things I can tell you, we’re still not allowed to share the wind graph, but the captain of the anthem of the seas and his team and Royal Caribbean, they actually sent OPC the wind chart of the entire event. And the only thing I’m allowed to share is that at two distinct moments, at about 200ft, which is where the bridge is located, 200ft above the surface, they had two wind gusts to 130 knots.

00:05:46:06 – 00:06:18:06
Speaker 2
And we’ve never heard of that kind of wind getting even that close to the surface in a hurricane force event, especially considering it was occurring with part of that, called conveyor belt feature. But they had a significant amount of time with winds over 100 knots. And therefore that’s that’s why, some people kind of blasted OPC in social media saying that they did not give adequate warning.

00:06:18:10 – 00:06:45:10
Speaker 2
And, in the meantime, the hurricane force warnings were up for a couple days well in advance. And the forecast out five days prior to the event mentioned 55 to 60, not winds. So it seems kind of unbelievable that a ship for a major company like that, would not have known what they were getting into. But we’ll have to wait for the final, verdict from the NTSB on that.

00:06:45:12 – 00:07:11:27
Speaker 2
So we look at this, I believe Scott, you sent this to me. And if I’m giving credit to the wrong person, please let me know. But, I think it’s the other Scott Scott Brockmire. Correct. All right, well, for today, you get the credit. But this was a nice animation that was sent to me. And, we’ll give Scott Farquhar credit, over the phone, and I’ll change the slides.

00:07:12:18 – 00:07:36:04
Speaker 2
But you can see the difference and what we would be looking at for OPC between the 15 minute on the far right, five minutes, which will be the Conus scan, with Goes-r, as well as the one minute imagery on the far left and just gives you, you and the forecasters, a vast amount of,

00:07:36:07 – 00:07:46:27
Speaker 2
What’s what I’m trying to say is, much more information than what the 15 minutes alone would glean. And the forecasters are just getting used to being able to use this, in this.

00:07:46:27 – 00:07:57:15
Unknown
Fashion for the offshores. So the next animation here is the full evolution on the seventh. As you can see.

00:07:57:16 – 00:08:04:16
Speaker 2
The storm evolving, there are a couple of features that I’ll try to point out, and I don’t know how well it’s animating on your end.

00:08:04:18 – 00:08:11:17
Unknown
So, please cut in there. If I’m going to fast.

00:08:11:20 – 00:08:41:10
Speaker 2
But one of the interesting features you’ll notice there’s plenty of convection fire off to the east of the storm. Another convection. And you see these very fast moving, low level clouds to the north of the developing surface. Low. That is something that would have been largely missed in the 15 minute scan. But really gives you an idea of how strong the low level wind flow was to the north of developing, surface low.

00:08:41:10 – 00:08:43:10
Speaker 2
But what’s even more interesting? I’m going to let this.

00:08:43:10 – 00:08:48:07
Unknown
Go one more time.

00:08:48:09 – 00:09:16:23
Speaker 2
That when you get in this area, as the upper low is catching up to the surface and the feature, there’s an incredible amount of, thunderstorm activity that occurs near the center of the low. And what appears to be a mezzo low forms and then becomes the parent surface low with time. The next animation is of air, again using the one minute imagery.

00:09:16:25 – 00:09:42:19
Speaker 2
And you’ll see again cluster of thunderstorms. And what seems to be a supercell right in here develops near the center of the low. And then you can see how, with time it clears out almost a rogue like I feature, for this particular storm. So there’s a lot of thermodynamics going on here as well as, the overall energetic, dynamic, synoptic pattern to develop this.

00:09:42:19 – 00:09:48:05
Unknown
Type of a storm. So we wanted to look a little bit closer at combining the.

00:09:48:08 – 00:10:16:00
Speaker 2
Imagery with lightning. And so I was able to put this together yesterday. This is two minute lightning with the two minute imagery. So I time matched it based on the actual Glt 360 lightning density product we have. At two minutes, you can see the cells off to the east. But notice the concentration of lightning located with this cell that stays right on the left side of the developing surface.

00:10:16:00 – 00:10:46:10
Speaker 2
Reflection. And it got us questioning here. And us in this case is Joe Cigarets myself, we have a student, Kelsey Malloy. She’s a junior right now at the University of Maryland. We wanted to look a little bit closer at this to see what was really going on. And we haven’t finished any, absolute research on this yet, but it does appear to be.

00:10:46:13 – 00:11:09:03
Speaker 2
A bezel low type of formation or. Erin, massive type of formation right near this supercell, which has a concentrated lightning for a period of time. And to give you an idea, hopefully you can see this on your screen when we get to the point where the lightning moves off to the right, the anthem of the cosmos right here.

00:11:09:05 – 00:11:41:03
Speaker 2
So a lot of that wind that we’ve had the privilege to look at may have been due to a lot of convective processes that were separate from what would have been expected. From the OPC forecast. And that has really garnered a lot of attention, not just here at OPC, but also from upper level, AWS management, including Louis, Louis explaining who has talked with Joe about the steps.

00:11:41:05 – 00:11:42:07
Unknown
So on the.

00:11:42:07 – 00:12:04:07
Speaker 2
Ninth, we had another hurricane force low developed. So this is a quick succession of storms. We were expecting snowfall here in the DC area, and it was one of our busses, unfortunately, this year. But you can kind of get an idea of, the convective activity associated with the developing hurricane force snow, which is right in here.

00:12:04:09 – 00:12:18:09
Speaker 2
And the forecasters at OPC are starting to get more attuned with combining lightning with the imagery. Give us a little more complete picture. We don’t have radar, obviously, out here. So lightning could act as a bit of a proxy for where.

00:12:18:09 – 00:12:23:26
Unknown
Your strongest convective cells may be located.

00:12:23:29 – 00:12:25:06
Unknown
Then the final case is the one.

00:12:25:06 – 00:12:41:20
Speaker 2
I referenced at the beginning of the call with Scott. And as you can see here, this is our five minute lightning density with five minute imagery. So I’ve taken the one minute imagery and just time matched it, with the lightning to give a little more of a complete picture of what’s going on.

00:12:41:22 – 00:12:50:04
Unknown
And what would be, seen in the Goes-r era, for our offshore convection. You can see if few supercell like structures that.

00:12:50:04 – 00:13:33:28
Speaker 2
Develop out here in these offshore zones. And I don’t have the actual zone shown, but this blue line represents the delineation between Taffy to the south and OPC to the north. So all this area is a high traffic shipping area. And so getting an idea and focusing on where the deepest convection is, we kind of picture that one day, we’ll be able to have products that OPC that could be sent out to ship captains or whether it’s a cruise ship, recreational boating, recreational fishing, and let them know, you know, since we don’t have radar this far out, how the lightning might assist in identifying your strongest.

00:13:33:28 – 00:13:40:08
Unknown
Storms and even where your supercell storms might be located that would be associated with wind threats at the surface.

00:13:40:19 – 00:14:09:09
Speaker 2
OPC will never issue any types of warnings for hail or waterspouts because there’s no way to know what’s going on. But the wind threat starts at 35 knots or 40mph. And so any of these storms would be candidates, especially in this type of dynamic flow. On the 12th of February or producing, what we would consider gale to storm force wind gusts at the surface.

00:14:09:11 – 00:14:25:27
Speaker 2
And I this is my last slide. So with that, I know I kind of went through this a little bit fast. I wanted to make sure I had time to get through many of the animations, but, I’d be happy to take any questions.

00:14:26:00 – 00:14:26:21
Unknown
Hi, this is Scott.

00:14:26:21 – 00:14:52:28
Speaker 2
I just have a comment on the anthem of the storm, the visible imagery you can really see, in the one minute imagery that you could not see at five minutes. There’s a, like, low level northeasterly flow before that supercell develops. That’s I don’t know what it’s doing, but it’s right. Right in there. Yes, exactly. So that’s I was pointing out in the other animation too.

00:14:53:01 – 00:15:14:14
Speaker 2
I don’t think we’ve ever seen that before. When I mean, I’ve looked at many ocean storms. Joe has been doing this longer than me. And, you know, in five years of working with OPC, I don’t ever recall seeing that kind of strong, low level flow. Er, and involving storm. But then again, this area doesn’t get many of these really strong storms.

00:15:14:16 – 00:15:38:23
Speaker 2
Right. So I wonder if the interaction, since the Gulf Stream is right in here, that’s going to say with it was blowing right along right like counter to the Gulf Stream. But that second is that Gulf Stream down. But it’s that would be a great trajectory to pick up moisture. Oh, yes. And I didn’t have a slide on this, but Joe pulled out some of the sandy surfaces.

00:15:38:25 – 00:16:07:24
Speaker 2
Yeah. And you had a very, very strong coastal front right in here associated with a lot of that strong northeast flow. Yeah. To say that these surfaces were maximized, levels I don’t recall seeing. And in such a long area it actually went beyond Cape Hatteras. Well here. So the, the actual surface low wound up riding along the coastal front and probably helped to tighten that center even more.

00:16:07:26 – 00:16:17:14
Speaker 2
So it was very interesting the interaction going on again with that supercell and then what was occurring near that coastal front. This this was definitely a very.

00:16:17:16 – 00:16:22:02
Unknown
Interesting case for us to document.

00:16:22:05 – 00:16:43:10
Speaker 2
You’ll be happy to hear it. You thought I didn’t tweet out any of the, wind reports? I was looking yeah, I it’s a shame that we’re still not allowed to share, because I guess with the lawsuits that have been filed now, we I was allowed, we’re not allowed to actually put much of that stuff in a blog or anything, right.

00:16:43:13 – 00:17:06:16
Speaker 2
We have to keep quiet. And I can’t wait for the day that we can share that wind data. Probably a year or two. But, just something I mean, even for 200ft above the surface, those wind gusts are just. I can’t even fathom it. Yeah. Jaw dropping a hurricane. Yeah. That’s that’s a strong for. Yeah. So yeah. Amazing.

00:17:06:21 – 00:17:11:05
Speaker 2
Very nice. Thank you.

00:17:11:07 – 00:17:13:11
Speaker 1
Any other questions for Michael?

00:17:13:14 – 00:17:44:01
Speaker 2
Hey, Michael. Great job. Tony here. Hey, Tony. Hey. Well, in dealing with those winds, I know you were talking about other but sparse observations. What were the next strongest one? Yeah, I’m sure you said it, but I. I missed it, and I know that’s fine. A lot of the reports we saw from either Boeing or any additional ships that did happen to, give us some wind reports were in the 40 to 69 range.

00:17:44:03 – 00:18:10:10
Speaker 2
Okay. So and that was, well covered by the okay forecasts, but there’s no way they they would have been able to see up to 100 knots plus, in fact, in most hurricane force storms, honestly, you’re typically in the 65 to 85 range. So there’s nothing beyond hurricane force warnings to warn ships of these, you know, rogue type of events.

00:18:10:17 – 00:18:34:22
Speaker 2
Yeah, something even much more extreme, even within the area that’s being looked at, you know, this vaguely. Remind me and then you’ll probably now, I don’t know, there’s the the case that’s being worked for some of the satellite training, the foundation course from the North Pacific where that one did. Really, I forgot how what was the lowest pressure with that one man?

00:18:34:22 – 00:18:40:19
Speaker 2
Now you’re talking about the, is that the Adak Island? Yeah, I get that, but.

00:18:40:22 – 00:18:41:13
Speaker 1
924.

00:18:41:13 – 00:18:46:02
Speaker 2
No work on it, Dan. But there that was that mid-December case.

00:18:46:05 – 00:18:48:14
Speaker 1
Yeah. Got down to 924 millibars.

00:18:48:17 – 00:19:13:24
Speaker 2
Yep. Now, you know, when you were talking about, you know, well, there were warnings out there, there were some eerily familiar statements being made about, you know, it’s one thing having warnings posted, but when then you also have these more extreme events, even within an area warning. I know that’s part of the the whole social, you know, conveying the message decision support.

00:19:13:24 – 00:19:56:10
Speaker 2
And I know there’s there’s been a lot of discussions gone back and forth regarding the the Alaska Aleutian Island event and may overlap in it is I’ll be very interested to say I know it takes quite a while for these studies to get completed, but to see what comes out of that, because, what’s interesting, Tony, is that I have another student, based at Saint Louis University, who, looking at that, Aleutian Low, a little bit closer, trying to match up, some of the techniques we’ve been using at OPC with some of the newer techniques that have only been working on that support, including, tropopause level and, ozone, to try

00:19:56:10 – 00:20:38:05
Speaker 2
to capture the stratosphere portion. And what’s really interesting about it, I remember seeing some social media notes on a sting jet. And what was it weird about that storm is that Ada Garland had 80? I think it was 80 mile an hour winds gusting to 120. And it was a south wind, which is curious in itself. And Joe and I have gone back and forth, and we really want to dig deep into that storm in particular to actually figure out was a true sting jet there, or was it just the fact that the pressure gradient force was so maximized because it was a tiny storm compared to some of the bigger hurricane force storms?

00:20:38:07 – 00:21:07:11
Speaker 2
This was a relatively small one that had a very, very steep gradient, from its outside. So I think this year just offered up some really unique storms where maybe we’re just not used to looking at it in this way. And I think what, you know, the fans are working at one, and I don’t know if you want to say anything else about what you’re saying now, you know, really finally getting some amazing Himawari, you know, imagery put together.

00:21:07:11 – 00:21:10:17
Speaker 2
And. Well, I’ll say anything else, Stan, about that one.

00:21:10:19 – 00:21:23:04
Speaker 1
Yeah, I certainly concur that, with this higher temporal and spatial resolution data that we’ll have, we’ll see things that we just haven’t seen in the past. So it’ll be a, it’s a learning process as we go.

00:21:23:06 – 00:22:00:29
Speaker 2
Absolutely. Yeah. And also having those other water vapor channel, I mean, looking at that, it just jumps out at you and you know, the you may be able to now really dig into it and do more detailed analyzes, even in just using the satellite imagery that wasn’t possible before. And few like I said, you know, when you were talking about this, when I start thinking about, you know, there are these very extreme events, that have unusual, intense characteristics.

00:22:00:29 – 00:22:23:09
Speaker 2
And, boy, if you’re in the wrong place at the wrong time, you know, the island was in the wrong place, where that ship was in the wrong place. And I think that’s one of the issues, you know, regarding, you know, could you put these warnings out there now, you know, as a ship operator or or even on this island, you know, are you taking all the precautions necessary?

00:22:23:12 – 00:22:52:17
Speaker 2
You know, is this really an event that’s going to be, you know, the kind of warnings that you’re used to dealing with and you’re getting into almost uncharted territory with a really extreme event and, and a whole lot harder message to convey. Just. Yeah, I, I would agree with you on that. I mean, in most cases hurricanes, you can see them coming, you can have some thunderstorms, get a forecast up for nor’easters.

00:22:52:19 – 00:22:56:09
Unknown
And then surprises will still be part.

00:22:56:12 – 00:23:24:11
Speaker 2
Of that mix. If you remember the blizzard from January for the Mid-Atlantic, I think it was early morning. There were gravity waves that emanated from the center of the surface low near the Chesapeake Bay. And as there was, gravity waves moved north with enhanced precip. Wind gusts over 80 miles an hour were experienced in Ocean City, 70 plus in, Louis, Delaware, all the way up to Cape May.

00:23:24:13 – 00:23:47:11
Speaker 2
And that coincided with a storm surge that was much higher than forecast. And that’s another case that, someone reached out, to. What do I actually me about? And, he reached out to Paul Colson and Joe Cigarets, and it’s like, is there anything we have that we can look better at these events? Because it was a well forecasted storm, right.

00:23:47:13 – 00:24:09:18
Speaker 2
But there were caveats to it. And that was along the coast where people were like, what the heck just happened? I didn’t think it would be that bad right? Oh yeah. It’s those little mesoscale intense features that develop with these big events. We’re really trying to get on top of all of that. That’s the real challenge. Still. Yeah.

00:24:09:20 – 00:24:31:20
Speaker 2
The model, you know, aren’t we may have some sort of indicated, but along those lines, but not to that detail. And certainly getting the location and timing right with those kind of features is still a major challenge. Yeah. I mean, heck, with this storm, had it just been displaced another 100 miles or even for the Outer Banks would have gotten late.

00:24:31:23 – 00:25:04:02
Speaker 2
That’s right. Yeah, yeah. So, you know, the the media jump in and, the ship, whether it was the captain or the, that they were in the wrong place at the wrong time. There’s there’s other factors, you know, so we’ll say, yeah, hey, Mike, we always say, did the anthem of the seas, give you, wave height data and, from the news reports, it seemed like they had problems turning around and getting and getting back to Norfolk as that low was pulling up along the coast.

00:25:04:05 – 00:25:22:17
Speaker 2
Right. So we never got. They only gave us the wind trace. That was a no wave reports. Nothing like that. We did find out later that they had engine trouble with one of the propellers, and that’s why they couldn’t get out of the way of the storm. So I we don’t know though, if that happened before the storm.

00:25:22:17 – 00:25:45:06
Speaker 2
During the storm. But that’s why they limped it back. I think it was limped back to bail in Jersey, actually. And, yeah, there’s there’s still a lot of questions. But it looked like they were rocking pretty hard based on a lot of the pictures that showed up. And you know, this wasn’t the first.

00:25:45:06 – 00:26:05:21
Speaker 2
I mean, luckily, no one was killed. I know there were injuries. We’re very lucky in that regard. But don’t forget about the Alfaro with hurricane walking another one. Yeah. Had one another one that that one had OPC and that actually kind of hard because the the warnings were out there and the questions remain. Why were they trying to go.

00:26:05:21 – 00:26:19:07
Unknown
Where they went knowing that there was a hurricane that was rapidly intensifying. So it you know, it’s a shame. That’s two times. And, and

00:26:19:09 – 00:26:44:07
Speaker 2
Well, 2015, 2016, we had two major ship events, a Michael record with that hurricane, one now one. And that one also, problem with, the ship was having mechanical problems. I had heard rumors of that, but I never heard much more, and I, I they became much more than rumors because I think they did find it right and recover.

00:26:44:10 – 00:27:07:03
Speaker 2
I guess they did. And I think they found the black box. And I thought with that, that was one. But again, you know, I certainly don’t quote me at all in terms of, well, you’re being recorded, you know. Oh, well, anyway, hopefully there is more information about why that. And I thought that was part of the problem.

00:27:07:03 – 00:27:30:09
Speaker 2
It was having mechanical difficulties. But, okay, we’re still sitting here at home with information and just. Yeah, I can hand. But it’s a tragedy in today’s day and age that, this kind of thing will still happen. And, like, I mean, we all know this. Everyone on this call is going to know that. I mean, we’re still are going to get curveballs from Mother Nature, but.

00:27:30:09 – 00:27:52:23
Speaker 2
Or how far ahead of the storm we are. And so I that’s why I contacted Dan us about this case. It just really stood out to me as, you know. Wow. So when we finally had one minute imagery to look at a nor’easter type event, and then we got 3 in 1 week. So, I mean, they were very happy.

00:27:52:25 – 00:28:04:09
Unknown
And definitely want to thank those, our ambassadors for for giving us this opportunity. And now we just wait for goes over.

00:28:04:12 – 00:28:07:06
Speaker 1
Okay. Any other questions for Michael’s?

00:28:07:08 – 00:28:37:17
Speaker 2
Yeah. Hey, Michael, this is Ross. Just wondering what your thoughts are as far as the degree to which the Gulf Stream current, contributed to, to the extreme nature of the seas that the ship experienced in that location, you know, and with the seas and winds going, going counter current in that spot. Well, one of the things to remember, I so I brought up the coastal front, that shows up excellently on the CTE surfaces from some of the model data we’ve looked at post storm.

00:28:38:13 – 00:28:46:15
Speaker 2
But we also know that when it comes to convection in particular, that strong shell that you see in that animation.

00:28:47:24 – 00:28:50:26
Unknown
Convection over warm water, you have.

00:28:51:09 – 00:29:15:11
Speaker 2
A less stable boundary layer. And so the mixing of winds to the surface is much more efficient. And that water there, even in February, is still in the upper 70s, maybe near 80 in spots. So I definitely think it plays a huge role. And it’s a role that has becoming increasingly more important, when it comes to, okay, say, forecasting.

00:29:15:11 – 00:29:51:27
Speaker 2
I’m sorry. My laptop looks like it’s going to die. I didn’t bring my power cord with me. But anyway, Hey, you need a new laptop? Yeah. Thanks. But anyway, yeah. This is why we actually have another student who’s looking at just convection over the Gulf Stream. And that’s because you may. We’ve had cases of direct shows, for instance, in the North Atlantic where over cooler status, say west of the north wall of the Gulf Stream, you know, winds were still kicking up over 50 knots, but then you crossed the north wall.

00:29:51:27 – 00:30:12:12
Speaker 2
And the question is, how much stronger are the winds? Because we know that stability changes. So there yeah, it plays a very big role for sure. And I’m sorry my laptop just shut down. So I apologize again I mean we just got a train. Yeah.

00:30:12:14 – 00:30:16:23
Speaker 1
Okay. Well, Scott, did you have anything else to show Scott?

00:30:16:25 – 00:30:21:04
Speaker 2
No, I think we can. There is. There is one more question, if I may.

00:30:21:07 – 00:30:22:09
Speaker 1
Okay.

00:30:22:12 – 00:30:53:24
Speaker 2
Yeah. Which are all on the line, I think, Michael, you know, all this discussion about the, the, the sea surface and Gulf Stream where you could saw one really, you know, high resolution, detailed SSD image, you know, maybe even overlay or at least at one point to really make that great point you were just talking about, you know, that you’re really also dealing even in, February with some pretty warm water not that far off the coast.

00:30:53:26 – 00:31:23:13
Speaker 2
Right. And actually, I started talking with Steve Miller about, we were at the, at Sad conference a couple of years ago in Geneva, and there was a scientist from JMA who showed an animation of a tropical cyclone with the s t real time underneath, and you could actually see the cold waves. And it got me thinking and talking to him, saying, is there any way we can do that for OPC and NHC?

00:31:23:13 – 00:31:45:28
Speaker 2
Because it’d be amazing to see the ice storm like this, how it changes. So yeah, the orientation, you know, the the cooling, the upwelling down welling right behind around that Gulf Stream, but would also help for just convection in general. Right. So I agree, I think that’d be a great idea to collaborate on that if.

00:31:46:00 – 00:31:59:08
Speaker 1
Okay. Any other questions or comments? Okay. Well, we want to thank, Michael for presenting, today’s visit satellite chat. That was a great presentation. And, thanks, everybody, and have a great day.